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Introduction to Operon Theory In an operon theory, Operon is a functional unit of DNA found in prokaryotic organisms, such as bacteria. It consists of a set of genes that are transcribed together into a single mRNA molecule under the control of the Operator gene. This coordinated transcription allows for the regulation and expression of …
Introduction to Filter Integrity Filter integrity test is a critical aspect of filtration systems across various industries. It refers to the ability of a filter to effectively capture and retain particles while allowing the desired components to pass through. Filter integrity testing ensures that the filtered product is contamination-free, ensures the quality and reliability of …
Aeration and agitation are very important processes in fermentation, especially in aerobic fermentation where microorganisms require oxygen to grow and produce desired products. Bioreactor Aeration: Oxygen is essential for the growth and metabolism of aerobic microorganisms. During aerobic fermentation, oxygen is needed to support the growth of aerobic microorganisms like yeast, bacteria, and fungi. Aeration …
Introduction to Instrumentation and Control in Bioprocess and Fermentation Bioprocess instrumentation and control in bioprocess and fermentation are the techniques, devices, and methodologies used to monitor, regulate, and optimize biological processes (Fermentation) in various industries like pharmaceuticals, biotechnology, food and beverage, and environmental management. Temperature, pH, Degree of agitation, Oxygen concentration have to be kept …
What is Sterilization? Sterilization is the process of eliminating all forms of microbial life, including bacteria, viruses, and spores, to achieve a state of complete sterility. This ensures the destruction of potentially harmful microorganisms that could cause infections or spoil products. Methods of Sterilization: 1- Physical Sterilization Methods a) Thermal Sterilization b) Filtration Sterilization c) …
What is Sterilization? Sterilization is the process of eliminating all forms of microbial life, including bacteria, viruses, and spores, to achieve a state of complete sterility. This ensures the destruction of potentially harmful microorganisms that could cause infections or spoil products. Methods of Sterilization: 1- Physical Sterilization Methods a) Thermal Sterilization b) Radiation Sterilization c) …
What is Microbial Growth? Microbial growth is the process by which microorganisms, such as bacteria, fungi, and viruses, multiply and proliferate in a given environment. This phenomenon plays a vital role in various industries, including pharmaceuticals, food production, and environmental science. Microbial growth is a result of both cell division and increases in cell size. …
FERMENTATION MEDIA: Types, Components, Importance, Applications, Advantages In the world of biotechnology and industrial processes, fermentation media, also known as growth or culture media. To understand the significance of fermentation media, it’s essential to explore their components and their roles in optimizing microbial growth and productivity. What is Fermentation Media? Fermentation media, often called growth …
Concept of “Material and Energy Balance” In the Field of bioprocess Engineering, understanding material and energy balance is crucial. In this article, we will focus on deep understanding of material and energy balance & focusing on how to calculate mass balance in bioprocesses. WHAT IS MATERIAL BALANCE? Material balance (mass balance) is a fundamental concept …
FERMENTER:FUNCTIONS,TYPES,DESIGN& CONSTRUCTION: Introduction: A fermenter, also known as a fermentation vessel (or closed cylindrical vessel), is a specialized piece of equipment used in various industries, particularly in biotechnology, pharmaceuticals, and food and beverage production. Its primary purpose is to facilitate the controlled growth of microorganisms, such as bacteria, yeast, and fungi, under specific environmental conditions. …